Joint



Nov. 7, 1933. D. E. LlNDQulsT Er AL JOINT Filed July 2, 1931 y F|G.4.

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J3 G f 5 H? nl. j 2 1 .r 5 w 7. 2 w1 5 n 6 G l Patented Nov. l7, 1933PATENT OFFICEv UNITED, STATES JOINT Davia E. maquise and Ward M.Robinson, Port Huron, Mich., assignors to Mueller Brass Co., Port Huron,Mich., a corporation of Michigall Application July 2, 1931. Serial No.548,280

3 Claims.

; be noted the provision of a lock joint performed between a couplingand a conduit or the like without the use of threads between saidcoupling and conduit; the provision of a joint of the class describedwhich may be completed in a substantially fluid-tight condition with orwithout'the use of sealing material;`y .the provision of a joint of theclass described which is permanently formed and which is adapted to joina conduit formed from relatively soft metal to a fitting of relativelyhard metal; and the provision of a joint of this class which is simpleto complete and which is adapted to retain its strength at relativelyhigh temperature. Other lobjects will be in part obvious and in partpointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the elements and combinations ofelements, features of construction, and arrangements of parts which willbe exemplified in the structures hereinafter y described, and the scopeof the application ofA which will be indicated in the following claims.In the accompanying drawing, in which are illustrated several of variouspossible embodiments of the invention,

Fig. 1 is an axial section of a fitting employing one modification ofthe invention and showing a tool in dotted line in position to lock saidfit-.-

ting to a pipe;

Fig. 2 is aview similar toFig. 1 but lshowing' the pipe anchored to saidfitting and said tool forcibly applied to said fitting;

Fig. 3 is an elevation of a tool adapted to be used with the fitting ofFigs. l and 2;

Fig. 4 is an axial section of la fitting employing a modiicationof theinvention;

Fig. 5 is'a view similar to Fig. 4 showing another modification of theinvention; and,

Fig. 6 is aview similar to Fig. 4 showing a fourth modification of `theinvention.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout theseveral views of the drawing.

' Referring now-more particularly to Fig. 1 there is shown at numeral 1a fitting for joining pipes, conduit or the like, said fitting having aheavy threaded portion 3 at one end thereof, and a lighter receivingportion 5 at the other end thereof. 'I'he receiving portion 5 is adaptedto telescopingly receive a pipe or conduit 7, and the spacing originallybetween' said pipe 7 and receiving portion 5 is of the order ofmagnitude' to induce capillary ilow of sealing materilf'introducedtherebetween, as described in detail in the United States Patent1,770,852, issued July 15, 1930, to CharlesHill.

Formerly joints accomplished between the re,- ceiving portion 5 of thefitting 1 and a pipe 7, and in which sealing material was introducedbetween the receiving portion 5 and pipe 7, could not be used ininstances where the temperature surrounding the tting was in the rangeof the fusing point of the sealing material thus usedY because at thattemperature the joint lost its/ strength. However, in vsome instancessuch a fluid-tight and strong joint was necessary i/n places where thetemperature was in the range of the fusing point of the. sealingmaterial. The present invention provides such a joint which may beentirely performed with or Without use of any sealing material, andwhose strength is substantially independent of the sealing material.

In order to eifect a joint which is fluid-tight with or without the useof sealing materiahand which also has a relatively large mechanicalstrength between the pipe 7 and the fitting 1, we provide anintegral-annular bead 9 at the outermost end of the receiving portion 5.

After the pipe 7 has been telescoped into the receiving portion 5, thebead- 9 is compressed vor 85 radially forced inwardly to the extent thatthe material of the inserted pipe 7 is also displaced inwardly to form abead 11 substantially as shown in Fig.. 2. One way to accomplish thisradial compression of the bead 9 is with a tool 13 which comprises twosemi-circular' pieces, hinged together as shown at numeral 17, and whichmay be locked together around the pipe 7. In the locked position, thepieces provide a tapered bore which is adapted to partially receive thebead 9. The tool 13 thus placed over the pipe 7 is hammered against thefitting 5, or the fitting 5 is/ hammered against the tool 13, and V-thebead P thus forced into the tapered bore 15 is circi'nnfI ferentiallyAdepressed or forced into the pipeto provide the interlocking beads 11in the ting and pipe.

It is thus seen that not only is a substantially fluid-tight jointprovided between the pipe 7 and the receiving portion 5, but also ajoint is provided by which the pipe 7 is positively locked in thereceiving portion 5. Furthermore, the joint thus formed is substantiallyunaffected by temperatures below the actual fusing point of the metalsforminglthe joint.

The receiving portion 5 is also provided witha groove 19, and a hole 18communicating with said groove and the exterior of the receiving portion5, in order that sealing material 12 may be introduced between thefitting 5 and the telescoped ,pipe 7, to further enhance the eiiiciencyof the.

joint. The sealing material thus introduced is spread around the areabetween the fitting and pipe by means oi.' the capillary action asdescribed in the aforementioned patent to Hill. However, the use of thesealing material is optional, and instances in which the tting `is usedat temperatures which are above the fusing point of the sealing material12 the sealing material will probably not be used.

An advantage of the joint thus formed is that aI fitting such as shownat numeral 1 may be employed for use in connection with a drip pipe of arange boiler, but it is to be understood that the Atype of fitting shownin Figs. 1 and 2 is by way of example only, and that a joint comprisingthe sealing portion 5 and the integral annular bead'9 may be formed withany suitable type of fitting.

Another advantage of this modicatioi of the fitting and joint is theease with which it is performed by the tool 13. i

Referring lnow more particularly to the modification shown in Fig. 4there is shown at numeral 21 a iitting which by way of example comprisesa T-fltting adapted to connect tubing without the use of threads betweenthe tting and tubing. The fitting hasr receiving portions 5 which arelong and tapered at the ends and which areA Iadapted to telescopinglyreceive the piping 7. As before, the spacing between receiving portion 5and the entering pipe 7 is of the order of magnitude to induce capillaryiiow of sealing material introduced therebetween. Each receivingportionV 5 is provided with an inner circumferential groove 23, whichcommunicates with the exterior of the tting by a hole 25; The exteriorof each receiving portion is also provided with a circumferential groove27, which is provided in the fitting 21. in the place of the bead 9 ofthe tting'l of Figs. 1 and 2. n

The assembly of the joint comprising the f1tting 21 and thepipe 7 is asfollows:

Piping 7 is inserted into a receiving portion of the fitting 21, untilit abuts an inner edge 29, and the -fltting 21 is heated and a sealingmaterial 12 is applied to the hole 25, which sealing material runsaround the groove 23, and spreads by said aforementioned capillaryaction between the pipe 7 and receiving portion 5 thereby providing,upon cooling, a positive fluid-tight seal therebetween and also a bondbetween said tting and pipe 7 which has a relatively large degree of me-4is to be subjected to unusual stresses the Joint il strengthened byradially pressing the portion chanical strength. However, if such a`ioint is to be used in` instances where the temperature is likely torise above or equal to that of the fusing point of the sealing materialor ii' the joint 0f the tting 21 comprising the groove 27 into -the pipe7 to form interlocking beads 11. This operation provides a separatemechanical hold,

'the pipe 7.

independent of any sealing material, between said pipe 7 and iitting 21.

Referring now more particularly to the modication shown in Fig. 5 thereis shown at numeral 21 a tting vwhich is similar to that shown in- Fig.4, but which has threaded portions 31 instead of the exterior grooves27. A threaded collar A33, having a `tapered bore, is also provided andis adapted to spread onto the threaded portion 31. The ends 28 of thereceiving portion 5 are tapered as shown in Fig. 5.

The assembly of a joint comprising the fitting 21 ofFig. 5 and a pipe 7is as follows:

The collar 33 is passed over the pipeV 7 which is then telescoped intoand soldered to the fitting 21, as described in connection with Fig. 4.The collar 33 is now threaded onto the exterior of the fitting 21 bymeans of the threads 31, and a portion 35 of the collar 33 reactsagainst the. tapered end 28 of the fitting 21, and presses the end 28into pipe 7 to form a bead 11. It is thus seen that a positive holdingmeans is provided between the pipe 7 and the tting 21 even in the eventthat the sealing material 12 between the tting 21 and the pipe 7 becomesmelted or otherwise ineffective.

,An advantage of this modiiication of the invention is that no toolother than a wrench is required to form the holding groove or bead 11 inReferring now moreparticularly to the modication shown in Fig. 6, thefitting 21 shown is similar to the tting of Figs. 4 and 5 except for thefact that-the groove 27 and the threaded portion 31 are omitted, and inthis modification 110 the bead 11 is formed in the pipe 7 by hammeringthe tool 13 against the tapered portion 28 thereby forcing the portion28 into the pipe 7. 'I'he modiflcation of Fig. 6 is applicable in caseswhere a pounding action against the fitting 21 is possible. 115

A general advantage of the invention is the additional strength given tothe joint by anchoring the pipe and fitting together with the beads 11.It is to be understood that the shape and type of iltting shown in thedrawing is by way of example only and any type of tting may be em'-ployed. Thus the interior of the receiving portion 5 might be threadedto receive an inserted pipe 7 and the bead 11 formed in the pipe byindentation of the receiving portion` 5 in order to lock the two againstunthreading. Further any type of sealing material may be employedbetween the fitting and the pipe 7 and may be metallic or nonmetallicand may or may not provide a uid-` tight seal, as well as a binding orholding seal.

In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of theinvention are achieved and other advantageous results'attained.

As many changes could be made in carrying out the above constructionswithout departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended thatall matter contained in the above description or shown in theaccompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrativeand not in alimiting sense.

We claim: i

1. A joint comprising a fitting having a receiving portion, and a pipeentering said portion, the spacing between said tting and pipe being ofthe order oflmagnitude to induce capillary flow of sealing materialintroduced therebetween, the receiving portion of saidrtting beingcircumferentially deformed to provide a bead adapted to interlock with agroove in said pipe.

2. A jint comprising a tting having a receivthe spacing between saidfitting and said pipe being of the order of magnitude to inducecapillary ow of a sealing material introduced therebetween, saidreceiving portion having an exterior groove therearound adapted to guidea tool whereby said portion is circumferentially deformed to provide abead adapted to interlock with. a groove in said pipe.

- DAVID E. LINDQUIST.

WARD M. ROBINSON.

